Failure Cases
Failure Causes
Damages for Reasons of Design
Caused by:
insufficient material selection despite knowledge of influencing parameters (thermal, mechanical, chemical) – Example: Hydrolysis, rough surfaces
insufficient constructive dimensioning (pressure, low temperature, load capacity) Example:
Blow-By-Effect
insufficient selection of fits (metallic contact) – Example: gap extrusion
insufficient tolerance ratings (dimensional, surfaces) – Example: Leakage oil pressure
insufficient profile dimension/geometry (single-/double-acting)
Damages for reasons of operation
caused by:
Pressure range exceeded (mechanical damage/residual elongation) –
Example: gap extrusion
Temperature range too high or too low – Example: thermal overload, ageing
Contact with foreign particles (mechanical contact, contamination)
Contact with foreign particles (resistance) –
Example: air bubbles, gas expansion, ageing (UV rays)
Overload (accident)
Fitting damages / fitting errors
Mechanical damages
Mechanical damages: Example: Hydrolysis, rough surfaces
 | Hydrolysis: Swelling of the elastomer caused by chemical attack, e. g. by use of water with polyurethane types which are not or only low resistant to hydrolysis. |
Blow-By-Effect
Gap extrusion
Leakage oil pressure
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